Deforestation is the destruction of forests, and has a wide range of effects on the wildlife and ecosystems that reside in them. It destroys habitat, changes the flow of water and food resources, alters air temperature and quality, increases the risk of natural disasters, and is one of the leading causes of extinction of wildlife around the world.
Direct causes of deforestation include agricultural expansion, logging (both legal and illegal), infrastructure building such as road building and urbanization, and livestock grazing. Agricultural expansion is the largest driving force behind deforestation, as large areas of tropical forest are cleared to plant crops for human consumption. Palm oil is a huge driver of deforestation, as the demand for this product is increasing globally. Livestock grazing also plays a role, with large areas of forest being cleared to create pasture land for cattle.
One of the most significant indirect impacts of deforestation is climate change, as clearing forests releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that had been stored in the trees and soils. It also alters the canopy structure of the forest, causing more sunlight to reach the ground and making temperatures more extreme.
Thankfully, there are many ways that we can help to reduce the rate of deforestation. Individually, we can reduce meat consumption and buy products that are free from animal testing, go paperless and use recycled or eco-friendly paper, and support companies and brands who are committed to reducing their usage of palm oil. On a larger scale, governments can set laws to protect and manage wildlife habitats. They can also introduce and enforce regulations that limit forestry and farming activities.