Renewable energy comes from sources that are constantly replenished, such as sunlight, wind, water or geothermal heat. Harnessing these resources for energy reduces greenhouse gas emissions, making the world a safer and cleaner place to live.
The world’s largest source of renewable energy is hydropower, which harnesses the power of water flows using dams. Hydropower relies on generally stable rainfall patterns, but it can be impacted by climate change-induced droughts or ecosystem changes that alter the flow of rivers or ocean waves. Other renewable technologies use the kinetic and thermal energy of waves or currents to create electricity or heat, such as wave-powered turbines or tidal turbines.
Solar energy is another common type of renewable energy. Solar panels are now found lining the roofs of homes and businesses, and more and more cities, states and corporations have set targets to get 70 percent or more of their energy from renewables by 2050. Renewable energy also has the potential to create jobs, make electric grids more resilient and expand energy access in developing countries.
Many renewable energy sources require substantial environmental impact assessments to identify and minimize negative impacts. But these assessments can also lead to additional benefits like improving soil health and water retention, nurturing native vegetation or incorporating pollinator-friendly plants, as well as providing lease payments to landowners and county or city tax revenues. And unlike fossil fuel-based power plants, solar and wind facilities don’t require pipelines or fuel-delivery trucks and trains.